Double taxation agreements

Last reviewed 15 Jul 2024

Double taxation agreements

The right to taxation in the event of a sale of interests in property companies is subject to differing provisions. In accordance with the OECD Model Agreement, for those countries for which there is a “yes” in the real estate clause column, the right to taxation lies generally not with the country of residence of the seller but with the country in which the property is situated.

As regards withholding tax rates, a possible reduction must be taken into account when EU Directives (Parent-Subsidiary Directive, Interest and Royalties Directive) are applicable.

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Albania	01.07.1999	no	5/15	10	10
Algeria	11.04.2005	no	10	0/10	10
Armenia	01.12.1995	no	5/10	10	10
Austria	03.02.2011	no	0/5	0/5	0/5
Azerbaijan	01.01.2009	yes	8	0/7	5/10
Bahrain	06.10.2010	no	5	5	5
Belarus	17.02.1998	no	10	10	10
Belgium	30.12.1988/1993	no	10	0/10	5
Canada	25.10.2001	no	10/15	0/10	0/10

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
China	25.05.1990/2003	yes	10	10	7/10
Croatia	30.07.1998	no	5	5	0
Cyprus	03.01.2001	no	5/10	0/7	10
Czech Republic	02.07.1999	no	10	0/10	10
Denmark	27.03.1989	no	5/15	0	0
Egypt	11.05.2004	no	10	12.5	12.5
Estonia	01.01.2009	yes	0/5	0/5	5
Finland	21.04.1986	yes	10	0	0/5
France	01.06.1988	no	5/15	0	5

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Georgia	01.07.1999	no	10	0/10	10
Germany	21.12.2010	no	5/15	5	5
Greece	27.06.2001	no	10	10	10
Hungary	07.09.1995	no	10	0/10	10
India	23.06.1995	yes	15	0/15	15/20
Indonesia	25.05.1992/1993	no	15	0/10	10
Iran	29.06.2006	yes	7.5	0/5	5
Ireland	05.01.2001	yes	5/10	0/5	10
Israel	31.12.2002	yes	10/7.5-12.5	0/5/10	7.5-12.5

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Italy	10.06.1991	no	10	0	5
Japan	09.08.1991	no	10/15	0/10	10
Jordan	19.12.2008	yes	10	0/10	10
Kazakhstan	24.07.1998	yes	10	0/10	10
North Korea	07.01.2000	no	10	0/10	10
South Korea	22.06.1995	no	5/10	0/10	5
Kuwait	23.02.2004	no	0/5	0/5	10
Latvia	18.08.2004	no	5/10	0/5	5/7
Lebanon	10.11.2001	no	5	0/7	5

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Lithuania	27.12.2006	yes	0/10	0/10	10
Luxembourg	15.03.1994	no	5/15	0/10	5
Macedonia	24.09.1999	no	5/15	0/10	10
Malta	01.01.1988	no	0-30	0	10
Moldova	24.03.1999	yes	5/15	0/10	10
Mongolia	17.02.2003	no	10	0/10	10
Montenegro	10.01.2000	no	5/15	10	10
Morocco	06.12.1999	yes	7/10	10	10
Netherlands	31.07.2021	yes	5/15	5	5

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Norway	30.07.2015	no	5/15	0/5	5
Pakistan	20.02.2020	no	12.5	10	10/12.5
Poland	10.05.1995	no	10	0/10	5
Portugal	18.07.1996	no	10/15	0/10	10
Qatar	23.12.2010	no	0	3	5
Romania	29.03.2016	yes	5	5	5
Russia	24.04.1995	no	15	0/15	15
Serbia	10.01.2000	no	5/15	10	10
Saudi Arabia	01.10.2018	no	5	5	5/10
Singapore	26.12.1997	no	0/5	0/5	5
Slovakia	02.05.2001	no	10	0/10	10

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
Slovenia	04.05.2004	yes	5/10	0/5	5/10
South Africa	27.10.2004	yes	5/15	0/5	5/10
Spain	14.06.1991	no	5/15	0	0
Sweden	28.12.1988	no	10	0	5
Switzerland	18.10.2013	no	0/10	0/5	5
Syria	04.10.2001	no	10	0/10	18
Thailand	13.02.2001	no	10	0/10/15	5/15
Turkey	17.09.1997	no	10/15	0/10	10
Ukraine	03.10.1997	yes	5/15	0/10	10

Country	Effective date / amended	Real estate clause	Dividends %	Interest %	Royalties %
United Arab Emirates	01.01.2009	no	5	2	5
United Kingdom	15.12.2015	yes	0/5/15	0/5	5
USA	15.12.2008	yes	0/5/10	0/5/10	5
Uzbekistan	21.10.2004	yes	10	0/10	10
Vietnam	04.10.1996	yes	15	0/10	15
Zimbabwe	29.01.1990	yes	10/20	0/10	10

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Double taxation agreements